The prostate is a male gland the size of a chestnut, located below the bladder and in front of the rectum. It surrounds the first part of the urethra, the tube that carries urine out of the bladder.
It makes part of the seminal fluid, which nourishes and carries sperm. With age it often grows (benign enlargement) and can squeeze the urethra: this explains a weak stream and frequent urges.
In the diagram: A normal prostate · B enlarged prostate narrowing the urethra
1 Bladder · 2 Prostate · 3 Urethra · 4 Seminal vesicles
Frequent urination, especially at night, a weak stream, difficulty starting or a feeling of incomplete emptying are the most common signs and should prompt a consultation.
Very common after 50, it is not cancer. Treatment depends on how bothersome symptoms are: monitoring, medication or, when needed, surgery.
Screening is based on a clinical exam and a PSA blood test. It is discussed with the urologist, usually from age 50, or earlier with a family history.
These signs should prompt a visit to a urologist:
Your symptoms, how they affect daily life and your family history.
It includes a digital rectal exam, a quick and only mildly uncomfortable check of the prostate.
PSA blood test and, if needed, a urine culture.
Ultrasound of the prostate and bladder with post-void residual measurement; MRI when needed.
Treatment is chosen together with you, based on the cause, how severe the symptoms are and what matters to you.
When symptoms are mild, a few simple measures and regular follow-up are often enough.
Medicines can ease urine flow or reduce the size of the prostate.
If medication is no longer enough or complications occur, a procedure, often endoscopic, is discussed.
Clinical exam and PSA, to discuss from age 50, or earlier with a family history.
ConseilsGetting up at night, a weak stream, incomplete emptying… An enlarged prostate is very common after 50. Symptoms, complications, tests and treatments: medication, laser or surgery through the natural passages.
ConseilsA PSA above normal does not mean cancer. What PSA measures, what can raise it and the next steps: repeat test, consultation, MRI and biopsy if needed.
ConseilsRed or pink urine, even once: blood in the urine must always be investigated. Possible causes, emergency signs and what the work-up involves (ultrasound, CT urogram, cystoscopy).
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Learn moreThe information on this website is for general information only and does not replace a medical consultation.
